Tuesday, April 20, 2010

HANGIN’ OUT WITH BUDDHA . . .

. . . having Chinese food, washing it down with hot jasmine tea and eating with our forks and spoons, and telling a few war stories, a few Airborne Jump Stories

Buddha was saying, “I never had any bad jumps. I never had a Mae West or a Squid or anything like that. I only had about 150 static line jumps, and maybe 100 freefall jumps but I never had any bad jumps.

“I seen some guys burn in, though. I seen guys with their chutes all f*cked up burning for the ground, zooming in, and I was yelling, yelling, yelling at them: “PULL YOUR RESERVE! PULL YOUR RESERVE!” but they didn’t, and they burned right in, bored right into the ground . . .”

My turn to speak: “I had some bad jumps. Not as bad as some guys, but I had some bad jumps. I got f*cked up on some of them.

“I was in the 82d and all we did was jump. We’d jump, then hump our rucksacks all night, then start digging. That was it. Jump, hump and dig.”

Buddha: “Jump, hump, and dig, HA!”

“That’s right, we were Airborne Infantry. Not light infantry, not mounted infantry or mech infantry. No; we were Airborne Infantry – HEAVY infantry. Jump, then bust your ass walking through the woods all night, and then the minute you stop, you start digging.

“And we jumped all the time. Always combat equipment, always low altitude, at night, with the kitchen sink attached to you; we’d be going out the door with a hundred and fifty pounds of lightweight gear attached to our asses and when you hit the ground, you hit like a ton of bricks."

“You ever get hurt?”

“Not really. I broke my leg, then I broke my back. Twice. Other than that I never really got hurt."

Then it was time to tell my story:

I broke my leg on my last jump in Division. I broke my fibula. It’s the small bone in your leg; but it's a non-supporting bone so I was able to drag my ass off the drop zone, limp around all over the place.

It didn’t really slow me down, but there was a problem; I had a class date in the Special Forces “Q” Course in six weeks, and wild horses weren’t going to hold me back. That was my ticket out of the 82d.

It was all tied into my re-enlistment date, and if I didn’t go, then I’d have to re-up into Division and they’d have me, they’d own me for the next two or three years at least. It was now or never, I had to get into the “Q” Course.

So I went to see the battalion surgeon; he was a Korean guy name of Dr. Kim. A real tall, imposing guy, a real RoK. He was Special Forces qualified, had the tab, so I asked him, “Do you think I could make it through the “Q” Course with this leg?”

He said, “I cannot tell you that. I cannot give you a recommendation one way or the other about this."

I said, “Well, I think I can make it.”

Dr. Kim just looked at me the way those Orientals do, like he was looking straight into my heart. He nodded and said, “You’ll do OK.”

So there I was dragging my leg all the way through the “Q” Course, and you know we Green Berets march our legs off. That’s our trademark: we can hump the monster ruck. Every night when I’d take my boots off, my leg would be swollen. There’d be a line, right above the top of my boot, and it’d be swollen out like a pumpkin.

To this day I have circulatory problems in that leg, and in my knee. To this day, at the end of the day, there’s a line where my sock is, and my leg is swollen up over the top of it.

But that ain’t nothin’, man. My last three jumps – my last three jumps I ever made – were REALLY f*cked up. My third to last jump, I jumped out, I look up and check my canopy, and there’s a hole as big as one of those ceiling tiles up there.

I’m thinking, ‘THIS IS IT.’ So I snap back into a tight body position and prepare to pull my reserve. I get my hand around my rip cord grip and get ready to pull. But just before I pull, I look around me.

There’s this huge wind, and I’m being blown across the drop zone, practically horizontal. All the guys around me are being blown across the drop zone, we’re all being blown sideways. I realized that if I pulled my reserve right now – I’M GONNA DIE!

I realized that if I pulled my reserve I was going to die, and so I just kept what I had and I rode it into the ground. I kept looking up, though, because that rip is sitting right on a seam and I’m wondering if it’s going to Z-Z-Z-Z-Z-Z-Z-I-P-P-P-!-!-! right up to the top of my canopy, and now I’m too low to do anything – if it zips up to the top, I’m DEAD.

So I rode it in, and I lived. Hell of a hard landing, though.

Then the next jump came, my chute opened up and I look up, and guess what? SAME THING!

Buddha: “NO WAY!”

Me: “Way.”

A hole in my chute, about as big as one of those ceiling tiles - TWO TIMES IN A ROW. I mean, what are the odds?

This time I’m not being blown sideways across the DZ, but I looked at the hole real hard and it wasn’t sitting on a seam, didn’t look like it was going to pop or split right up to the top of my canopy or anything, so I figured I’d ride it right in, right?

Buddha: “Sounds like a plan.”

“You know, they say those old paratroopers never pull their reserves, right? They find them on the drop zone, still in a tight body position, hands on both sides of their reserves, as dead as a doornail; they never pull their reserves.”

Buddha: “That’s right. That’s what they say.”

“Well, that was me. They say when you’re not scared anymore, it’s time to stop jumping, right?”

Buddha: “That’s right. That’s what they say.”

“So on my NEXT JUMP . . .”

We both laugh.

“On my next jump the wind was honking again, but this time no hole.”

“Oh, that’s good.”

“But I landed like a sack of sh*t, and I crunched my back, bad. After I landed I stood up, rigger-rolled my chute and stuffed it in my kit bag, then I lay back down with my head resting on my kit bag - my back was KILLING me and I wasn't going NOWHERE. I ended up getting medevac'd off the DZ. They took me to the ER and they x-rayed me and it turns out I broke L4. It looks like a crushed beer can.”

“Oh, that’s bad.”

“But at the ER, there was this REALLY HOT Thai nurse.”

“Oh, that’s GOOD!”

“Yeah, she was slim and good looking with silky shoulder length black hair, lookin’ good in those blue hospital scrubs, and I could tell she was Thai because she had that gold chain with the little golden Thai Buddha on it, hangin’ right in between her nice round pair, there.”

“OH y-e-a-h . . .”

And so I start speaking to her: “Khun pen kohn Thai, chai mai?” She just looks at me; “Oh, all you Green Berets speak Thai. Tell me, are you in any pain? If you are in pain, I can give you some morphine.”

So I say to her – in pure Bangkok street Thai – “Yeah, it hurts, it hurts a LOT. Morphine, please.” Suzy Wong does this double take; “WOW! You really DO speak Thai ! ! !” and it’s ON – we’re raving in Thai like its going out of style.

So she returns with a tray – The Good Stuff - we do the bit with the rubber tourniquet, the little alcohol pad, she slides the needle into my vein and gives me seven units of morphine.

Now let me tell you; I LOVE morphine. I love everything ABOUT morphine. I love the way it goes into you, I love feeling like I’m having hot lead poured into my veins, I love what it does to you, I love being taken to the nice, happy, warm place all of my very own; I love everything about morphine.

So I’m laying there on my back enjoying the ride and by and by little Miss Lotus Blossom shows up again. “You feel more pain, you let me know, I come by give you more morphine, OK?” Not a word in English, right? I'm getting the insider treatment here.

“W-e-l-l . . . the stuff IS starting to wear off a bit, I really COULD use a little more right about now.”

“I think so, that’s why I bring THIS!” and she whips out a syringe from behind her back and brandishes the thing. Something is distorted with my sense of perspective; it looks like it’s three feet long. Suki tightens up the rubber band around my bicep with her teeth and plunges the needle into my vein.

So I’m floating along, enjoying a nice, warm feeling, wondering if the stuff is watered down because I’m maintaining so well or if the pain drives the high away, or what, right?

So then whaddya know? It’s like I’m having the best afternoon of my entire career . . . AND GUESS WHAT?

Buddha: “What?”

Chew Mee shows up AGAIN ! ! ! “You want more morphine?” This time I swear she’s up on the side of the gurney, squatting right next to me, doing the kimchee squat over my arm, laughing maniacally like some kind of evil, almond-eyed Oriental Barbie doll as she plunges the needle into my vein. She’s got a two-handed grip on that syringe, and I’m having the time of my life as she presses the syringe home and I’m off to the races, man . . .”

Buddha’s laughing his ass off right about now.

Well every good thing has got to come to an end and I sense that it’s time for Yum Sing to rotate out, and so next time instead my Oriental Hostess Twinkie this Round-Eye She-Bitch Battle Axe shows up and she reads my chart and goes, “They gave you TWENTY-ONE UNITS OF MORPHINE??? OH . . . MY . . . GA-WADDDD!!! How is it that you are still CONSCIOUS???”

“Well, I broke my back . . .” I mumbled, “Do you think I could . . . I mean can I have some more . . . uh, is there any more . . . uh . . . morphine?”

“Not no but HELL NO!!! Seven is the LIMIT!!!”

“Well, I’m a big guy, and I’ve got a hell of a vascular capacity . . .” They teach you how to use big words like that in Green Beret School; comes in handy when you’re trying to bullsh*t your way past gatekeepers like this Helga bitch.

Instead she pulls out this clipboard. “Sign here . . . and here . . . and here . . . AND here . . . and now sign this final one that says you’ve got somebody to pick you and you’re not going to drive home and we’re not liable for anything that happens to you on the way between the hospital and your place of residence.”

“I’m not signing that. I never sign those stupid Army forms written in legalese like that . . .”

“Then we can’t release you and we’ll have to admit you and you’ll have to spend the night in the ward.”

“F*ck that – I’m going home. Who’s gonna stop me?”

“Those guys.” Helga nods to two MPs standing by the doors to the ER, arms crossed like a pair of harem guards. I didn’t notice them before because of the way the bright afternoon light was streaming into the semi-dark interior.

“Sh*t, give me the damn form,” I said, and I signed it.

So I go stumbling out to the parking lot looking for my car. The two privates that drove me in the white 15-pax van, I gave one of them the keys to my car and had him bring it to the hospital. But I didn’t know where it was parked, so I’m out there staggering around the parking lot looking for my car.

This guy in an SUV comes cruising around. He looks at me, circles around and comes up on me again, and he’s looking at me pretty close-like. I’m looking at him, knowing he’s sizing me up, knowing I must look like I just dragged myself out of the deepest, darkest depths of Hell . . .

Now, Green Berets don’t look like regular soldiers. We don’t wear our uniforms like regular soldiers, and I just came off the drop zone so I’m wearing my jump uniform; no hat, dog tags hanging out, frayed A-7A strap for a belt, unauthorized boots, the whole nine yards. I’m rumpled and disheveled, stumbling around a hot parking lot in the blazing mid-afternoon sun, totally off my face on twenty-one units of morphine so you can imagine I must have looked pretty good.

“Hey there, sergeant.”

“Uh . . . y-e-a-h . . . ? ? ?”

“Can I help you? You look lost . . .”

“I’m just looking for my . . . CAR . . . man.”

The guy looks me up and down. “Did you just come out of the ER?”

“Uh . . . y-e-a-h . . .”

“Get in the car, I’ll help you look for your car.” I get in, and the guy looks me up and down again, but not like he’s a ‘mo or anything. “You say you were in the ER. Did they give you any kind of, uh, anesthetic?”

“Well . . . Y-E-A-H . . .”

“Listen, I’m a doctor here. What are you on?”

“Morphine.”

“You look like it. You’re not planning on driving home are you?”

“Well, I was, actually . . .”

The guy looks like he’s choking up. “I can’t . . . I can’t let you drive home in this condition.”

“A-h-h-h it’s a-l-r-i-g-h-t . . . I feel fine!” The dive medic used to always tell us to say “I feel fine” after a dive; if you have the bends in the brain housing group you can’t say the “eff” sound, so they’d have you say “I feel fine”. I repeated it for the doc, so he’d know I didn’t have the bends. “I feel fine!”

“Listen, the regulations won’t let me let you drive in your condition. You can’t drive like this.”

“Ruck a bunch of rucking fegs, I FEEL FINE!

“Well, you LOOK like SH*T. Lissen, I can’t let you drive. Let me drive you home – where do you live?”

“Southern Pines.”

“I’ll drive you there, even though it’s an hour out of my way. You’re in no shape to drive.”

So I let him drive me home. If I couldn’t walk across a parking lot without attracting attention, I figure I must have been pretty ripped. I was just arguing for the sake of it.

Needless to say, that was my last jump.

I’ve got two compressed disks and two vertebrae – L4 and L5 – that look like crushed beer cans; I’m in pain, stiffness and soreness every day of my life, and all they gave me on the way out the door was a thirty percent disability.


Thus ended my airborne career. Ruck a bunch of rucking fegs.



.

Sunday, December 6, 2009

SLAVOJ ŽIŽEK TEST

If you got here by accident and are wondering what's going on - click HERE.


1. When were you happiest?

With my family on vacation.


2. What is your greatest fear?

Failure.


3. What is your earliest memory?

Kneeling on a four legged, maroon-faux-leather stool by the window looking at the linesmen working on the telephone lines outside, and pointing them out to my mother. We were on the second or third floor of an apartment building because I was looking down. I would have been three or four at that time.


4. Which living person do you most admire, and why?

My father – he is an unqualified success and an inspiration for me to become a success.


5. What is the trait you most deplore in yourself?

Sloth.


6. What is the trait you most deplore in others?

Lack of self-discipline.


7. What was your most embarrassing moment?

Getting caught out in a lie.


8. Aside from a property, what’s the most expensive thing you’ve bought?

Stocks.


9. What is your most treasured possession?

My family.


10. What makes you depressed?

The thought that the Democrats are in power, and are totally ruining the economy and selling our national security down the drain.


11. What do you most dislike about your appearance?

My height & physical bearing. (I'm too big - I attract too much attention everywhere I go.


12. What is your most unappealing habit?

Sloth.


13. What would be your fancy dress costume of choice?

Zorro.


14. What is your guiltiest pleasure?

Eating like a pig.


15. What do you owe your parents?

Everything.


16. To whom would you most like to say sorry, and why?

My wife & kids for yelling at them.


17. What does love feel like?

Best feeling in the world.


18. What or who is the love of your life?

My wife & kids.


19. What is your favorite smell?

Jasmine.


20. Have you ever said ‘I love you’ and not meant it?

No.


21. Which living person do you most despise, and why?

A certain retired soldier, he is a personal enemy.


22. What is the worst job you’ve done?

Unknown; I've done a LOT of dirty jobs, shoveled my share of sh*t.


23. What has been your biggest disappointment?

Did not make Sergeant Major.


24. If you could edit your past, what would you change?

A certain event in Asia.


25. If you could go back in time, where would you go?

Vietnam, MACV-SOG.


26. How do you relax?

Underwater swimming and suntanning.


27. How often do you have sex?

Almost daily.


28. What is the closest you’ve come to death?

It involved bullets.


29. What single thing would improve the quality of your life?

Health.


30. What do you consider your greatest achievement?

My marriage.


31. What is the most important lesson life has taught you?

Nothing is fair. If something is fair, be surprised.


32. Tell us a secret.

I can read minds.

Monday, August 3, 2009

V-22 OSPREY COMMENTS (Continued) . . .


"Meanwhile, Marine Generals struggle to explain the dozens of missing V-22s to a congressional committee. In March 2009, the Marine Corps announced that all 73 of its MV-22s were grounded for inspection after several aircraft were found with loose bolts. However, Congress has funded 150 V-22s for the Marines through FY2009 (not including CV-22s for the Air Force) plus another 6 V-22s as part of supplemental funding. Around a dozen V-22s used in development have been retired or crashed, and only half of the 30 V-22s funded for FY2009 were delivered as of March. This leaves four dozen V-22s missing, and that's a big gap to explain away.

"There are no longer V-22s in Iraq as the 12 based there have returned home - by ship. As the 8000-man 2nd Marine Brigade deploys to Afghanistan this month, none of the Corps' 140+ new MV-22s will go. The Corps was forced to mobilize a reserve squadron with 25-year old CH-53E helicopters to support them. It also spent millions of dollars to re-engine a squadron of 40-year old CH-53Ds to support that deployment, helicopters that were scheduled to be scrapped in 2006. The CH-53E that has a greater range than the V-22 and can also air refuel and autorotate and carries three times the payload capacity of the V-22.

"Unlike helicopters with blades folded, a V-22 must be unfolded to work on its engines. During evaluations, it was demonstrated that a V-22 can unfold in the center of the hangar deck of an LHA/LHD -- big flattop amphibious ship. However, there is clearance for just one V-22 to unfold, and this blocks the movement of other aircraft within the hangar.

"The only alternative is to perform maintenance topside. That restricts flight operations and subjects maintainers to the weather. There can be no work in very cold weather, rain, or high winds, and maintainers must haul all their equipment and parts topside. Working at night is possible, but only if the tactical situation permits the ship to light up like a Christmas tree.

"V-22s can pivot their wings for storage on ship. This has not been necessary at airbases, but during a typical 6-month shipboard deployment this may be required a hundred times. Each fold imparts stress on the V-22's lightweight titanium hydraulic lines. These become brittle below 50F and may crack. This may be why VMM-266 had trouble in November of last year as it trained on ship as part of the 26th MEU. A CH-46E squadron deployed in its place.

"As a result, folding up V-22s has been avoided ashore. The extent of this problem is unknown, but it would cost nothing to test. On a cool morning, have a V-22 fold up and unfold 100 times in a row, then start her up and see what happens. That simple test alone could doom the V-22 program.

"According to the Osprey community newsletter "Osprey Nation", hydraulic leaks have caused engine fires that ruined three V-22s thus far. Since the V-22's hydraulic lines run along each wing and within the engine nacelles, they are stressed whenever the tiltrotor tilts, whenever the flexible wings flex, whenever the rotors are up and pummel the wings causing extreme vibration, and whenever the V-22 folds and unfolds.

"A conference was recently held on possible solutions. Routing the hydraulic lines outside the engine nacelle was debated. This would prevent fires and allow easy inspection, but would expose them to damage from objects whipped up by the V-22's intense downwash. Engineers preferred the second option of using electric motors. It would take years to develop and test an electrical system, and V-22 production would end before that became available.

"The V-22 was canceled in 1992 after DoD engineers concluded that the tiltrotor concept is flawed. It is possible to build an airplane whose engines can tilt to take-off and land like a helicopter, but the compromise design is so heavy and inefficient that very little payload can be carried. In 1992, Navy Secretary Sean O’Keefe told the House Armed Services Committee: "The V-22 cannot be built to meet the requirements specified. It’s an engineering impossibility."

"After the V-22 was resurrected for political reasons, Bell-Boeing engineers went to work to shed weight. The nose gun and NBC protection system were dropped. The strong kevlar flooring was removed. The fuselage was made 25% smaller than the CH-46E, even though it was expected to carry even more Marines. Components were left off until after test evaluations, like the hoist, deicers, and anti-missile flares. One crewman was deleted. These have been added back recently so payload was cut in half. The V-22 is now several thousand pounds above the "guaranteed empty weight" specified in its contract.

"The V-22 was designed with many more composite parts that any other aircraft in the U.S. military. According to a 2005 Rand study these parts are lighter, but they are far more expensive, more difficult to replace, and nearly impossible to repair. It is not uncommon for trucks or forklifts to bump into a transport aircraft and make a big hole. Bullets and other weapons easily punch holes into assault aircraft. With aluminum, a Marine simply patches it and pounds it into shape. This can't be done with composites because the skin provides some of the fuselage strength. The new big Airbus jetliner has a composite upper body, but uses heavier aluminum for the lower body because they worry that a minor ramp accident could cause millions of dollars in damage to a composite section and require depot-level work to repair.

"The V-22's fuel tanks, fuselage, and passenger seats were so light that they failed testing. New heavier fuel tanks and seats have since been added. However, the fuselage is too fragile and does not meet Navy crash standards unless it lands on a runway like an airplane so it can shed its engines before impact. This fuselage has proven fragile, which is one reason dozens of fairly new V-22s have been retired, although they are officially listed as "preserved."

"1,541 pounds shaved off the original V-22 design weakened the aircraft. After a couple years of service, the lightweight composite body and parts begin to fail. Repairs become too frequent or impossible because of cracks or parts that don't fit after hours of stress and vibration cause minor deformations. As a result, the aircraft is pushed into a hangar and unofficially retired. Proper mishap reports are never filed, and the aircraft is secretly hidden in a hangar. Damage of more that $1 million dollars requires a Class A mishap report and an independent JAG investigation. Nevertheless, no reports were filed as dozens of nearly new V-22's were damaged beyond repair.

"When its engines are in the helicopter mode, its hot jet engine exhaust can ignite dry brush. This has rarely happened as V-22 have been restricted to hard surfaces, or an occasional landing on a bare or green, grassy LZ.

"This incident sounds like a minor crash during a take-off attempt from a swampy area that was caused by tires stuck in mud. The V-22 is twice as heavy as the CH-46E (pictured), so it is much more likely to become stuck in mud at an LZ. A helicopter rescue crewman with many years of experience in Vietnam with the big, wheeled HH-53A said they learned it was best to conduct hover pick-ups to avoid this. If landing was required, a crewman would always jump out and test the soil, because getting stuck in hostile territory may be fatal. Igniting the LZ may also be fatal to Marine infantrymen.

"Marine Corps Brig. Gen. James F. Amos once stated: "I think the V-22 probably is high maintenance at this point. I think -- but make sure you understand one thing. Any new airframe at this point or any new system is going to be high maintenance. And why would that be? Because first of all, there is the real lack of experience in maintaining this."

"The General made that statement about the V-22's poor mission capable rate in 2000, so its ridiculous to use the same excuse nine years later. The V-22 first flew in 1989 and went into production in 1997; it is not new. The V-22 program is older than the C-17 program, and C-17s have mission capable rates above 85% and none have been retired or "preserved." Back in 2001, everyone thought that Brig. Gen. Amos would be forced to retire after he was caught telling lies about V-22 readiness and conspiring to hide V-22 failures from DoD leaders. The Inspector General even seized his computer."

Thanks for doing the homework here, Tom. - S.L.


Thursday, July 23, 2009

KEYWORD SURVIVAL

Keyword "SURVIVAL" is the opening chapter of U.S. Army Field Manual 21-76, Survival.
Whenever faced with a survival situation, remember the keyword "SURVIVAL." You may some day have to make it work for you.

* S - Size Up the Situation
* U - Use All Your Senses, Undue Haste Makes Waste
* R - Remember Where You Are
* V - Vanquish Fear and Panic
* I - Improvise
* V - Value Living
* A - Act Like the Natives
* L - Live by Your Wits, But for Now, Learn Basic Skills

Click on the above links to learn the meaning of each letter of the word "survival."

S - SIZE UP THE SITUATION

If you are in a combat situation, find a place where you can conceal yourself from the enemy. Remember, security takes priority. Use your senses of hearing, smell and sight to get a feel for the battlefield. What is the enemy doing? Advancing? Holding in place? Retreating? You will have to consider what is developing on the battlefield when you make your survival plan.

Size Up Your Surroundings

Determine the pattern of the area. Get a feel for what is going on around you. Every environment, whether forest, jungle or desert, has a rhythm or pattern. This rhythm or pattern includes animal and bird noises and movements and insect sounds. It may also include enemy traffic and civilian movements.

Size Up Your Physical Condition

The pressure of the battle you were in or the trauma of being in a survival situation may have caused you to overlook wounds you received. Check your wounds and give yourself first aid. Take care to prevent further bodily harm. For instance, in any climate, drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration. If you are in a cold or wet climate, put on additional clothing to prevent hypothermia.

Size Up Your Equipment

Perhaps in the heat of battle or due to accident, you lost or damaged some of your equipment. Check to see what equipment you have and what condition it is in.

Now that you have sized up your situation, surroundings, physical condition and equipment, you are ready to make your survival plan. In doing so, keep in mind your basic physical needs — water, food and shelter.

U - USE ALL YOUR SENSES, UNDUE HASTE MAKES WASTE

You may make a wrong move when you react quickly without thinking or planning. That move may result in your capture or death. Don't move just for the sake of taking action.

Consider all aspects of your situation (size up your situation) before you make a decision and a move. If you act in haste, you may forget or lose some of your equipment. In your haste, you may also become disoriented so that you don't know which way to go.

Plan your moves. Be ready to move out quickly without endangering yourself, especially if the enemy is near you. Use all your senses to evaluate the situation. Note sounds and smells. Be sensitive to temperature changes. Be observant.

R - REMEMBER WHERE YOU ARE

Spot your location on your map and relate it to the surrounding terrain. This is a basic principle that you must always follow. If there are other persons with you, make sure they also know their location. Always know who in your group, vehicle or aircraft has a map and compass. If that person is killed, you will have to get the map and compass from him. Pay close attention to where you are and to where you are going. Do not rely on others in the group to keep track of the route. Constantly orient yourself.

Always try to determine, as a minimum, how your location relates to —

* The location of enemy units and controlled areas.
* The location of friendly units and controlled areas.
* The location of local water sources (especially important in the desert).
* Areas that will provide good cover and concealment.

This information will allow you to make intelligent decisions when you are in a survival and/or evasion situation.